
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.Ĭlick the account icon in the top right to: See below.Ī personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.

When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.

Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Ongoing monitoring will establish if this is indicative of the population stabilising or an ongoing population decline. While interannual variability and the long generation time of king penguins makes it unclear if the decrease in chick numbers represent a decrease in the breeding population, it is clear the late 20th century rapid increase in Macquarie Island's breeding population has ceased. Warmer sea surface temperatures in the foraging region of adult king penguins during incubation and early chick-rearing also correlated with lower chick numbers. Heavy rainfall, total rainfall, and maximum east coast wave height during incubation correlated with fewer chicks that year. While further studies are required to infer causality, annual chick numbers were negatively correlated with environmental conditions on land and at sea. Overall, the numbers decreased at 1.06 ± 0.03% per annum. Chick numbers fluctuated between years, ranging from 33,513–78,714. From 2007–2020, king penguin chicks were censused annually.

Since then, the population's trajectory has remained unreported, and environmental factors potentially influencing the population are poorly understood.

Following near decimation from commercial exploitation during the 19th and early 20th centuries, chick numbers increased rapidly from 1930–1980. Macquarie Island's king penguin ( Aptenodytes patagonicus) population has changed dramatically over recent centuries.
